In C++, cerr is an object of the ostream class used to output error messages to the standard error stream. The cerr stream is typically unbuffered, meaning that messages are …
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In C++, cout is an object of the ostream class and is used to output data to the standard output device, typically the console. The cout object is part of …
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In C++, cin is an object of the istream class and is used to take input from the standard input device, typically the keyboard. The cin object reads input from …
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Polymorphism in C++ is an object-oriented programming concept that allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class rather than their actual class. It enables a single interface …
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Abstraction in C++ is an object-oriented programming principle that focuses on hiding the complexity of the system by exposing only essential information. By providing only relevant details and hiding unnecessary …
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In C++, encapsulation is an object-oriented programming principle that combines data (attributes) and functions (methods) into a single unit called a class. Encapsulation helps control access to the data by …
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In C++, a destructor is a special member function that is called automatically when an object goes out of scope or is explicitly deleted. The primary role of destructors is …
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Constructors in C++ are special member functions that are automatically called when an object of a class is created. They initialize the object’s data members and allow setting up initial …
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In C++, classes and objects are the fundamental building blocks of object-oriented programming (OOP). A class is a blueprint for creating objects, which are instances of that class. Classes encapsulate …
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In C++, jump statements are used to alter the flow of control in a program by transferring control to a specific location. The primary jump statements are break, continue, goto, …